Bhatti, Dr. Abdu ur Rahman. “اسلام میں نظامِ جیل خانہ جات کاآغاز و ارتقاء: خلافت راشدہ کا اختصاصی مطالعہ: The Origin and Evolution of the Prison System in Islam: A Special Study of the Rightly Guided Caliphate”. Pakistan Journal of Islamic Philosophy 7, no. 4 (December 31, 2025): 10-22. Accessed February 1, 2026. https://pakjip.com/index.php/pjip/article/view/309.