اسلام اور دہشت گردی: فکری مغالطوں کاتحقیقی جائزہ

Islam and Terrorism: An Investigative Review of Intellectual Fallacies

Abstract

This article critically examines the complex relationship between Islam and terrorism, highlighting both the internal and external misconceptions that have shaped global discourse. It argues that linking Islam inherently with terrorism is a historical and intellectual fallacy that ignores the Qur’anic principles of human dignity, sanctity of life and justice. Drawing upon scriptural sources, classical jurisprudence and contemporary scholarship, the paper distinguishes between legitimate jihād, strictly governed by ethical and legal principles and terrorism which involves indiscriminate violence against non-combatants and disruption of public order. The study explores the prohibition of suicide attacks, the sanctity of covenants, the protection of minorities and the moral responsibility of Muslims in upholding peace. It further analyzes the misuse of takfīr (excommunication), the distortion of sacred texts, and the sociopolitical factors that fuel extremism. In addition, the article engages with Western misperceptions, particularly those shaped by media narratives and geopolitical conflicts and contrasts them with the mainstream Islamic scholarly consensus against terrorism. Emphasis is placed on the objectives of Islamic law (Maqāṣid al-Sharī‘ah), which prioritize the preservation of life, faith, intellect, property and lineage, all of which are undermined by terrorism. The paper concludes by presenting scholarly declarations, such as the Amman Message and Marrakesh Declaration, that reaffirm Islam’s commitment to peace, justice and coexistence. Ultimately, it advocates for intellectual honesty, contextual hermeneutics, educational reform and social justice as pathways to dismantling the ideological foundations of extremism and correcting widespread misconceptions about Islam.